What is Frozen Shoulder?

Frozen shoulder, medically known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition that causes pain, stiffness, and restricted movement in the shoulder joint. It gradually develops over time and can severely affect daily activities like reaching overhead, dressing, or even sleeping on the affected side.

Causes of Frozen Shoulder

The exact cause of frozen shoulder is not always clear, but certain factors increase the risk of developing this condition:

1. Diabetes (Madhumeh)

People with diabetes are more likely to develop frozen shoulder. High blood sugar levels may cause inflammation and stiffness in the shoulder joint.

2. Previous Injury or Surgery

If you’ve had a sports injury, fracture, or undergone surgery that required keeping your shoulder immobile for a long period, you are at a higher risk. Lack of movement leads to tightening of the shoulder capsule, restricting mobility.

3. Hormonal Imbalance

Hormonal changes, especially in women going through menopause, can contribute to the development of frozen shoulder. Hormonal imbalance affects the body’s ability to repair and maintain joint flexibility.

Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder

Frozen shoulder progresses in three stages, each with its own symptoms:

1. Freezing Stage (Painful Stage)

Gradual increase in shoulder pain and stiffness

Pain worsens at night and disrupts sleep

Limited range of motion when moving the arm

2. Frozen Stage (Stiffness Stage)

Pain may decrease, but stiffness increases

Difficulty in performing daily activities

Shoulder movement becomes severely restricted

3. Thawing Stage (Recovery Stage)

Slow improvement in range of motion

Pain and stiffness gradually subside

Shoulder returns to normal function over time

Diagnosis of Frozen Shoulder

A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for pain and range of motion. Additional tests like X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound may be done to rule out other shoulder problems like arthritis or rotator cuff injuries.

Treatment for Frozen Shoulder

Early diagnosis and treatment can help speed up recovery. Treatment options include:

1. Physical Therapy

Regular stretching and strengthening exercises are crucial to improving mobility and reducing stiffness. A physiotherapist may guide you through specific exercises to regain shoulder function.

2. Medications

Painkillers like NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen) or prescribed medication can help reduce pain and inflammation.

3. Corticosteroid Injections

In severe cases, steroid injections may be given directly into the shoulder joint to reduce pain and swelling.

4. Heat Therapy & Ice Packs

Applying heat therapy helps loosen stiff joints, while ice packs reduce inflammation and pain.

5. Shoulder Manipulation or Surgery

If non-surgical treatments do not work, doctors may recommend:

Manipulation Under Anesthesia (MUA): The doctor moves your shoulder forcefully to break adhesions while you’re under anesthesia.

Arthroscopic Surgery: A minimally invasive procedure where a surgeon removes scar tissue to restore movement.

How to Prevent Frozen Shoulder?

Regular shoulder exercises to maintain flexibility

Avoid prolonged immobility after an injury or surgery

Control blood sugar levels if you have diabetes

Maintain good posture while working or sleeping

Consult a Specialist

If you’re experiencing shoulder pain, stiffness, or restricted movement, consult an orthopedic specialist for proper diagnosis and treatment.